![]() ![]() Pica may be a cultural practice not associated with a deficiency or disorder. Sensory, physiological, cultural, and psychosocial perspectives have also been used to explain the causation of pica. ![]() More recently, cases of pica have been tied to the obsessive–compulsive spectrum, and a move has arisen to consider OCD in the cause of pica. Mental health conditions such as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia have been proposed as causes of pica. Additionally, children and pregnant women may be more likely to have anemia or low hemoglobin relative to the general population. Practicing pagophagy and amylophagy is more highly associated with anemia. Specifically, practicing geophagy is more likely to be associated with anemia or low hemoglobin. People practicing forms of pica, such as geophagy, pagophagy, and amylophagy, are more likely to be anemic or to have low hemoglobin concentration in their blood, lower levels of red blood cells ( hematocrit), or lower plasma zinc levels. According to the DSM-5, mineral deficiencies are occasionally associated with pica, but biological abnormalities are rarely found. Pica is currently recognized as a mental disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). For example, lead poisoning may result from the ingestion of paint or paint-soaked plaster, hairballs may cause intestinal obstruction and Toxoplasma or Toxocara infections may follow ingestion of feces or soil. Complications Ĭomplications may occur due to the substance consumed. This pattern of eating should last at least one month to meet the time diagnostic criterion of pica.
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